Symptoms of aflatoxin poisoning in humans

 

Understanding the Symptoms of Aflatoxin Poisoning in Humans

Aflatoxin poisoning, also known as aflatoxicosis, is a serious health concern caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with aflatoxins—naturally occurring toxins produced by molds such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These molds commonly contaminate grains, nuts, and other food products, especially when they are improperly stored in warm and humid environments. While aflatoxin exposure is a global concern, its impact is particularly severe in regions with limited food safety infrastructure.

Acute vs. Chronic Aflatoxin Exposure

The symptoms of aflatoxin poisoning can vary depending on the level and duration of exposure. Health effects are generally categorized into acute poisoning, which results from a high dose over a short period, and chronic exposure, which involves prolonged, low-level intake.

Symptoms of Acute Aflatoxin Poisoning

Acute aflatoxicosis is rare but potentially fatal. It can occur during outbreaks where contaminated food enters the supply chain in large quantities. Common symptoms include:

• Severe abdominal pain

• Vomiting and persistent nausea

• Swelling of the liver (hepatomegaly)

• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

• Fluid retention and swelling of limbs

• Fatigue and general weakness

• Seizures or mental confusion in extreme cases

In severe incidents, acute aflatoxin poisoning can lead to rapid liver failure and death, particularly in children or individuals with compromised health.

Symptoms of Chronic Aflatoxin Exposure

Long-term exposure to even small amounts of aflatoxins can silently erode health. The most significant risks include:

• Liver damage and cirrhosis

• Suppressed immune function, making individuals more susceptible to infections

• Stunted growth and delayed development in children

• Increased risk of liver cancer, particularly when combined with hepatitis B infection

What makes chronic aflatoxicosis so insidious is that the symptoms may not be obvious until the damage is advanced, making early detection and prevention essential.

Protecting Against Aflatoxin Risks

Raising awareness about aflatoxin symptoms is vital for early intervention. Prevention remains the most effective strategy, including proper food storage, timely harvesting, and regular screening of crops and food products for contamination. In affected areas, public health initiatives and dietary diversification can help reduce the risks.